Wire and cable are wire products used to transmit electrical (magnetic) energy, information and realize electromagnetic energy conversion. The generalized wire and cable is also referred to as the cable, and the narrow-sense cable refers to the insulated cable, which can be defined as: an aggregate composed of the following parts; one or more insulated cores, and their respective possible coverings, the total protective layer and outer sheath, the cable may also have additional uninsulated conductors.
Bare wire body products:
The main features of this type of products are: pure conductor metal, without insulation and sheath layers, such as steel-cored aluminum stranded wires, copper-aluminum busbars, electric locomotive wires, etc.; the processing technology is mainly pressure processing, such as smelting, calendering, drawing The products are mainly used in suburban, rural areas, user main lines, switch cabinets, etc.
The main features of this type of product are: extruding (winding) an insulating layer on the outside of the conductor, such as overhead insulated cables, or several cores twisted (corresponding to the phase, neutral and ground wires of the power system), such as overhead insulated cables with more than two cores , or add a jacket layer, such as plastic/rubber sheathed wire and cable. The main process technologies are drawing, stranding, insulation extrusion (wrapping), cabling, armoring and sheath extrusion, etc. There are certain differences in the combination of different processes of various products.
The products are mainly used in the transmission of strong electric energy in the power generation, distribution, transmission, transformation and power supply lines, with large currents (tens of amps to thousands of amps) and high voltages (220V to 35kV and above).
Flat cable:
The main features of this type of products are: a wide range of varieties and specifications, a wide range of applications, the use of voltages of 1kV and below, and new products are constantly derived in the face of special occasions, such as fire-resistant cables, flame-retardant cables, low-smoke halogen-free / low Smoke and low halogen cables, termite-proof, mouse-proof cables, oil-resistant/cold-resistant/temperature-resistant/wear-resistant cables, medical/agricultural/mining cables, thin-walled wires, etc.
Communication cables and optical fibers:
With the rapid development of the communication industry, from the simple telephone and telegraph cables in the past to thousands of pairs of voice cables, coaxial cables, optical cables, data cables, and even combined communication cables. The structure size of such products is usually small and uniform, and the manufacturing precision is high.
winding wire
Winding wire is a conductive metal wire with an insulating layer, which is used to make coils or windings of electrical products. When it works, a magnetic field is generated by current, or an induced current is generated by cutting the magnetic line of force to realize the conversion of electric energy and magnetic energy, so it becomes an electromagnetic wire.
The vast majority of wire and cable products are products with the same cross-section (cross-section) shape (ignoring errors caused by manufacturing) and long strips, which are due to the features used to form lines or coils in systems or equipment. decided. Therefore, to study and analyze the structural composition of cable products, it is only necessary to observe and analyze from its cross-section.
The structural elements of wire and cable products can be generally divided into four main structural components: conductors, insulating layers, shielding and sheathing, as well as filling elements and tensile elements. According to the use requirements and applications of the products, some products have extremely simple structures.
2. Cable material
In a sense, the wire and cable manufacturing industry is an industry of material finishing and assembly. First, the amount of material is huge, and the material cost in cable products accounts for 80-90% of the total manufacturing cost; second, there are many types and varieties of materials used, and the performance requirements are particularly high. For example, copper for conductors requires the purity of copper to be At more than 99.95%, some products need to use oxygen-free high-purity copper; third, the selection of materials will have a decisive impact on the manufacturing process, product performance and service life.
At the same time, the benefits of wire and cable manufacturing enterprises are also closely related to whether materials can be saved scientifically in material selection, processing and production management.
Therefore, when designing wire and cable products, it must be carried out at the same time as the selection of materials. Generally, several materials are selected and determined after the process and performance screening test.
Materials for cable products can be divided into conductive materials, insulating materials, filling materials, shielding materials, sheath materials, etc. according to their use parts and functions. But some of these materials are common to several structural parts. In particular, thermoplastic materials, such as polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, etc., can be used in insulation or sheathing as long as some of the formulation components are changed.
The materials used in the manufacture of cable products involve a wide range of categories, and there are many varieties and specifications (brands).
3. Name and material of product structure
(1) Wire: the most basic and essential main component of the product to carry out the function of current or electromagnetic wave information transmission.
Main material: Wire is the abbreviation of conductive wire core. It is made of non-ferrous metals with excellent electrical conductivity such as copper, aluminum, copper-clad steel, copper-clad aluminum, etc., and optical fiber is used as the wire.
There are bare copper wire, tinned wire; single branch wire, stranded wire; tinned wire after twisting.
(2) Insulation layer: It is a component that wraps around the periphery of the wire and plays an electrical insulating role. That is to say, it can ensure that the transmitted current or electromagnetic wave and light wave only travel along the wire and do not flow to the outside, and the potential on the conductor (that is, the potential difference formed on the surrounding objects, that is, the voltage) can be isolated, that is, it is necessary to ensure the normal transmission of the wire. function, but also to ensure the safety of external objects and people. Conductor and insulating layer are the two basic components that must be possessed to form cable products (except bare wires).
Main materials: PVC, PE, XLPE, polypropylene PP, fluoroplastic F, rubber, paper, mica tape
(3) Filling structure: Many wire and cable products are multi-core. After these insulated cores or pairs are cabled (or grouped into cables for multiple times), one is that the shape is not round, and the other is that there are gaps between the insulated cores. There is a large gap, so a filling structure must be added during cabling. The filling structure is to make the outer diameter of the cabling relatively round, so as to facilitate wrapping and extruding the sheath.
Main material: PP rope
(4) Shielding: It is a component that isolates the electromagnetic field in the cable product from the external electromagnetic field; some cable products also need to be isolated from each other between different wire pairs (or wire groups) inside. It can be said that the shielding layer is a kind of "electromagnetic isolation screen". Conductor shielding and insulating shielding of high-voltage cables are to homogenize the distribution of the electric field.
Main materials: bare copper wire, copper clad steel wire, tinned copper wire
(5) Sheath: When wire and cable products are installed and operated in various environments, they must have components that protect the product as a whole, especially the insulating layer, which is the sheath.
Because insulating materials are required to have excellent electrical insulating properties, they must have extremely high purity and minimal impurity content; they often cannot take into account their ability to protect the outside world. ) Bearing or resistance to various mechanical forces, resistance to atmospheric environment, resistance to chemicals or oils, prevention of biological damage, and reduction of fire hazards must be undertaken by various sheath structures.
Main material: PVC, PE, rubber, aluminum, steel belt
(6) Tensile element: the typical structure is steel core aluminum stranded wire, optical fiber cable and so on. In a word, the tensile element plays a major role in the developed special small and soft products that require multiple bending and twisting.
Development status:
Although the wire and cable industry is only a supporting industry, it occupies 1/4 of the output value of China's electrical industry. It has a wide variety of products and a wide range of applications, involving power, construction, communications, manufacturing and other industries, and is closely related to all sectors of the national economy. Wires and cables are also known as the "arteries" and "nerves" of the national economy. They are indispensable basic equipment for transmitting electrical energy, transmitting information, and manufacturing various motors, instruments, and meters to realize electromagnetic energy conversion. basic products necessary in the society.
The wire and cable industry is the second largest industry in China after the automobile industry, and the product variety satisfaction rate and domestic market share both exceed 90%. Worldwide, China's total output value of wire and cable has surpassed that of the United States, becoming the world's largest wire and cable producer. With the rapid development of China's wire and cable industry, the number of new companies continues to rise, and the overall technical level of the industry has been greatly improved.
From January to November 2007, the total industrial output value of China's wire and cable manufacturing industry reached 476,742,526 thousand yuan, an increase of 34.64% over the same period of the previous year; the accumulated product sales income was 457,503,436 thousand yuan, an increase of 33.70% over the same period of the previous year; The total profit was 18,808,301 thousand yuan, an increase of 32.31% over the same period of the previous year.
From January to May 2008, the total industrial output value of China's wire and cable manufacturing industry was 241,435,450,000 yuan, an increase of 26.47% over the same period of the previous year; the accumulated product sales income was 227,131,384,000 yuan, an increase of 26.26% over the same period of the previous year; the total accumulated profit was realized 8,519,637,000 yuan, an increase of 26.55% over the same period of the previous year. In November 2008, in response to the world financial crisis, the Chinese government decided to invest 4 trillion yuan to boost domestic demand, of which more than 40% was used for the construction and renovation of urban and rural power grids. The national wire and cable industry has another good market opportunity, and wire and cable companies in various places seize the opportunity to welcome a new round of urban and rural power grid construction and transformation.
The past 2012 was a threshold for China's wire and cable industry. Due to the slowdown in GDP growth, the global financial crisis, and the adjustment of the domestic economic structure, domestic cable companies were generally underutilized and overcapacity. Industry worries about a wave of closures. With the arrival of 2013, China's wire and cable industry will usher in new business opportunities and markets.
As of 2012, the global wire and cable market has exceeded 100 billion euros. In the global wire and cable industry, the Asian market accounts for 37%, the European market is close to 30%, the American market accounts for 24%, and other markets account for 9%. Among them, although China's wire and cable industry plays an irreplaceable role in the global wire and cable industry, and as early as 2011, the output value of Chinese wire and cable companies has surpassed that of the United States, ranking first in the world. But from an objective point of view, compared with the wire and cable industry in Europe and the United States, my country is still in a big but not strong situation, and there is still a big gap with well-known foreign wire and cable brands.
In 2011, the sales output value of China's wire and cable industry reached 1,143.8 billion yuan, exceeding one trillion yuan for the first time, an increase of 28.3%, and a total profit of 68 billion yuan. In 2012, the sales value of the national wire and cable industry from January to July was 671.5 billion yuan, the total profit was 28.1 billion yuan, and the average profit was only 4.11%. .
In addition, from the perspective of the asset scale of China's cable industry, the assets of China's wire and cable industry reached 790.499 billion yuan in 2012, an increase of 12.20% year-on-year. East China accounts for more than 60% of the country, and still maintains strong competitiveness in the entire wire and cable manufacturing industry. [1]
The continuous and rapid growth of China's economy has provided a huge market space for cable products. The strong temptation of the Chinese market has made the world focus on the Chinese market. In the short decades of reform and opening up, China's cable manufacturing industry has The huge production capacity formed has impressed the world. With the continuous expansion of China's electric power industry, data communication industry, urban rail transit industry, automobile industry, shipbuilding and other industries, the demand for wires and cables will also increase rapidly, and the wire and cable industry has huge development potential in the future. China Wire and Cable Industry Market Demand Forecast and Investment Strategic Planning Analysis Report.
In the process of promoting the transnational business strategy of wire and cable companies and implementing strategic management and control, the following principles should be followed: taking into account domestic business and international business, seeking the connection between resources and industrial layout, consistent scale and efficiency, and matching ownership and control rights , the parent company and the subsidiary business are coordinated, and the organizational form of production is compatible with the organizational structure and management system of operation and management. To follow these principles, wire and cable companies should deal with the following relationships:
1. Correctly handle the relationship between domestic business and international business
It should be pointed out that the multinational operation of wire and cable enterprises is a requirement and objective result of the expansion of enterprise productivity, rather than a subjective and artificial intention. Not all wire and cable companies must engage in multinational operations. Due to the different scales and business nature of the companies, there are quite a few wire and cable companies that are only suitable for conducting business in the domestic market. Wire and cable companies with transnational operating conditions still need to correctly handle the relationship between domestic business and international business. The domestic market is the base camp for the survival and development of enterprises. Wire and cable enterprises can take advantage of the favorable conditions of weather, geography, and people to conduct business in China. However, the development of Chinese wire and cable enterprises must take some risks in these aspects. Focusing on the long-term, expand the regional scope of operation from the perspective of optimal allocation of production factors to improve market share and competitiveness.
2. Reasonably take into account the relationship between industrial layout and resource allocation
Therefore, wire and cable companies should not only develop resources overseas, but also source materials overseas as much as possible to reduce raw material costs and some transportation costs. At the same time, wire and cable enterprises are manufacturing enterprises, and should reasonably consider the impact of natural resources and energy shortages on industrial layout, and deploy resource-intensive production links in overseas countries and regions with rich resources and low costs.
3. Correctly handle the relationship between scale expansion and efficiency improvement
Over the years, the scale of transnational operations of Chinese wire and cable enterprises has been concerned, and public opinion generally believes that due to their small scale, many enterprises have not produced the expected economic benefits. Therefore, for a period of time, the multinational operations of some Chinese wire and cable companies have gone to the other extreme, one-sided pursuit of scale expansion, ignoring economic benefits, and thus contrary to the original purpose of multinational operations. Therefore, wire and cable companies must correctly handle the relationship between scale and efficiency in the strategic planning and implementation of multinational operations, and expand their scale in order to obtain higher benefits.
4. Correctly handle the relationship between ownership and control
Wire and cable companies have acquired part or all of the ownership of overseas companies through foreign direct investment. The purpose is to gain control over overseas companies through ownership, so as to serve the parent company's overall development strategy and achieve maximum economic benefits. On the contrary, if a wire and cable enterprise obtains part or all of the ownership of an overseas enterprise, but fails to exercise control over the enterprise and does not make the ownership serve the overall strategy of the head office, then the transnational operation loses its real meaning.It is not a truly multinational enterprise. Therefore, a wire and cable company that takes the global market as its strategic goal must obtain corresponding control rights no matter how much ownership it acquires in transnational operations.
Post time: Sep-23-2022